Italica is named after Italy and is a testament to the rich Roman heritage embedded in the Iberian Peninsula. This ancient city, founded during the Second Carthaginian War in 206 BC by the Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, holds a distinctive place in history as the birthplace of two Roman emperors – Trajan and Hadrian.
“From this time, which was a little before the 144th Olympiad, the Romans began to send praetors to Spain yearly to the conquered nations as governors or superintendents to keep the peace. Scipio left them a small force suitable for a peace establishment, and settled his sick and wounded soldiers in a town which he named Italica after Italy: this was the native place of Trajan and Hadrian, who afterwards became emperors of Rome.” ( Appian, Iberian Wars, Book VII, Chapter 38)
One of Italica's most notable features is its well-preserved amphitheatre, which used to be among the largest in the Roman Empire. With a seating capacity for around 25,000 spectators, this grand structure has witnessed countless gladiatorial contests and other public spectacles, reflecting the vibrant entertainment culture of the Roman period. The ruins of the amphitheatre evoke a sense of awe and transport visitors back in time to an era when the roar of the crowd and the clash of swords filled the air.
The city's layout and architectural elements further reveal the grandeur of Roman urban planning. Italica boasts well-designed streets, intricate mosaics, and expansive residential areas, providing a glimpse into the daily lives of its ancient inhabitants. The House of the Planetarium, named for its stunning mosaic depicting celestial bodies, exemplifies the artistic and intellectual pursuits of the Roman elite.
In addition to its architectural marvels, Italica is home to the Trajanic era statues, showcasing the artistic excellence of the time. The remarkable statue of Trajan himself, along with other sculptures and artefacts, offers a tangible connection to the individuals who once shaped the destiny of the Roman Empire.
Italica's historical significance extends beyond its borders, influencing the broader understanding of Roman civilization and its impact on the Iberian Peninsula. The archaeological site continues to be a source of fascination for scholars, archaeologists, and tourists alike, providing insights into the cultural, social, and political dimensions of ancient Roman life.
Today, as visitors stroll through the ruins of Italica, they are transported to a bygone era, where the echoes of Roman footsteps resonate through the centuries. The site stands as a bridge between the past and present, inviting exploration and reflection on the enduring legacy of one of Spain's most significant archaeological treasures.
Itálica was featured in the seventh season of Games of Thrones as the Well of Dragons in the city of Desembarco del Rey. The appearance of the archaeological site occurred in the most seen chapter of the history of this series. Itálica, and, especially, the Roman amphitheatre, recreate the ruins of Pozo Dragón, a place located in Desembarco del Rey, in which the Targaryen kept captive their dragons, which were consumed little by little because of this confinement until his disappearance.
Photo: Ángel M. Felicísimo
